居民外籍人士與非居民外籍人士

居民外籍人士與非居民外籍人士

方式不同,因此確定您的報稅身份是很重要的。

非居民外籍人士

您不是美國公民也不是居民外籍人士的任何期間,納稅時皆被視為非居民外籍人士

居民外籍人士

如果您在日曆年度通過下列兩項測試的其中一項,您就被視為居民外籍人士

1. 綠卡測試 – 如果您在日曆年度的任何時候被認定通過了綠卡測試,根據移民法,您是美國合法永久居民,並且這個身份尚未被撤銷或依法判定已經放棄。

2. 居住測試 – 就這個測試而言,美國一詞不包含美國屬地和領地或領空,而是涵蓋以下地區:

  • 全部50州和哥倫比亞特區,
  • 美國領海,以及
  • 與美國領海毗鄰的海底區域的海床和底土,美國根據國際法擁有在該處探索開發自然資源的專屬權利

要通過居住測試,您必須實際待在美國至少下列期間:

  1. 本年度31天,並且
  2. 3年期間(包括本年度和本年之前那兩年)183天。要符合183天的條件,算進:
    • 您本年度在美國的全部天數,以及
    • 您本年度之前第一年在美國天數的三分之一,以及
    • 您本年度之前第二年在美國天數的六分之一。

在美國的居住天數 – 居住測試不要算進在美國的下列日子:

  • 您從加拿大或墨西哥住處通勤到美國工作的日子,如果您定期從加拿大或墨西哥通勤過來的話。如果在您當年的工作期間有超過75%的工作日通勤到美國上班,您就被認定是定期通勤。
  • 您往返於美國境外兩個地方,途經美國不滿24小時的日子。
  • 您以一艘美國與外國或美國與美國屬地之間運輸的外國船隻的船員身份在美國的日子。但如果您在美國的時候從事其他貿易或生意,這條例外規定就不適用。
  • 您打算離開美國,但卻由於健康狀況或健康問題使您無法離開的日子。您是否打算在特定某一天離開美國是根據所有的事實與情況來決定的。
  • 您是免稅個人的日子。

免稅個人 – 如果您滿足以下條件,即屬於免稅個人:

  • 以一名持有 A 或 G 簽證的與外國政府有關的人士身份暫時待在美國;但是,此類別不包含以外國政府相關人士的家人身份待在美國的持有 A-3 或 G-5 簽證的人士;
  • 暫時待在美國的老師或受訓人員,持有J或Q簽證並遵守簽證要求。如果您在過去6個日曆年度中的兩年中有任何時間以老師或受訓人員或學生的身份獲得免稅,您將不是老師或受訓人員身份的免稅個人。然而,如果滿足以下所有條件,您將是免稅個人:
    • 如果您在過去6個日曆年度中的三年(或較短時間)中有任何時間以老師或受訓人員或學生的身份獲得免稅,
    • 一個外國雇主在今年支付您的所有報酬,而且
    • 一個外國雇主在過去六年中您以老師或受訓人員的身份留在美國的每一年支付您的所有報酬。
  • 暫時待在美國的學生,持有F、J、M或Q簽證並遵守簽證要求。如果您在五個以上的日曆年度中的任何時間以老師或受訓人員或學生的身份獲得免稅,您在今年將不是學生身份的免稅個人,除非您滿足以下兩個要求:
    • 您確立您無意永久住在美國。
    • 您遵守簽證要求。
  • 暫時待在美國參加慈善體育活動競賽的專業運動員

即使您通過了居住測試,但如果目前的日曆年度您待在美國的日子少於183天,您在年度中在外國有一個納稅的住所,同時您和那個國家的關係比和美國更密切,那麼您可能仍會被認定為非居民外籍人士。如果您已經申請成為美國合法永久居民,或您申請調整您的移民身份目前在審理中,那麼您不能再提出與一個外國更密切關係的申請。有時候,美國與另一個之間的稅收條約會為了滿足條約而對居民身份的認定提供特別規定。居住測試的更多資訊請看519號刊物【外籍人士的美國稅務指南】(Publication 519, U.S. Tax Guide for Aliens)

雙重身份稅務年度 – 如果您在年度中將身份從居民外籍人士變更為非居民外籍人士,或者相反,通常您在該年度就有雙重身份,您在這兩個時期的所得稅將依每個期間適用的法律條款分被徵稅。雙重身份外籍人士的更多資訊請看519號刊物【外籍人士的美國稅務指南】(Publication 519, U.S. Tax Guide for Aliens)

申報的表格

如果您是非居民外籍人士,若在美國從事貿易或生意,有任何其他美國來源的收入而且該收入的預扣稅金沒有扣足,或要求退還多預扣或多預付的稅金,那麼您必須申報1040NR表(Form 1040NR)或1040NR-EZ表(Form 1040NR-EZ)。更多資訊請參見1040NR的說明和1040NR-EZ的說明。

  • 如果您有會被預扣所得稅的工資,而您採用日曆年度的方式報稅,您稅表申報的到期日是4月15日。
  • 如果您沒有會被預扣所得稅的工資並且您採用日曆年度的申報方式,您要在6月15日前申報稅表。

居民外籍人士必須與美國公民遵循相同的稅法。如果您是居民外籍人士,您來自美國境內與美國境外所有來源的收入都要申報。您會根據您的稅務情況申報1040EZ表(Form 1040EZ)、1040A表(Form 1040A)或1040表(Form 1040),請參閱「最簡單的報稅表格是什麼?」(What is the Simplest Form to use to File my Tax Return?)。

  • 如果您是按日曆年報稅的居民外籍人士,您稅表申報的到期日是4月15日,應向您地區的服務中心提交。

如果到期日正好落於星期六、星期日或法定假日時,到期日會順延至下一個業務日。

額外資訊

欲瞭解詳情,請參閱519號刊物【外籍人士的美國稅務指南】(Publication 519, U.S. Tax Guide for Aliens)以及美國公民和居民外籍人士網頁。

10 Inspirational Movies to Watch

10 Inspirational Movies to Watch

10 Inspirational Movies to WatchIf you’re one of the 111 million people who watched the New England Patriots power their way out of defeat at the Super Bowl, did you think it was just about over in the third quarter when the Atlanta Falcons were leading 28-3? I admit, I did. Even paid my tab and headed home. We were in for a surprise as the Patriots (led by quarterback Tom Brady) charged ahead and turned the game around to win 34-28.

As a perennial backer of the underdog, I was rooting hard for the Falcons but that doesn’t lessen my respect for a team that resisted falling into a “it’s a lost cause, let’s just get this over with” mentality. Let’s face it, we’ve all been at that point: whether it’s a career challenge, relationship or financial difficulty, or perhaps a health problem, some hurdles seem impossible.

 

Of course, part of the challenge is knowing what’s truly beyond reach and what isn’t. Becoming a rock singer is out of the question for me unless every rock fan loses their hearing. But many goals are attainable; watching a few of the movies listed below may help reinforce that fact. These films, which include suggestions from AICPA colleagues, depict mental toughness in facing huge hurdles. While Hollywood does embellish, these feel real for the most part and many are based on real people and events.

  1. Erin Brokovich (2000) – Based on the real story of an unemployed mother who gets a job as a legal assistant and takes on “Goliath” (a large utility) in her investigation of groundwater pollution that is harming the townspeople nearby.
  2. Hello, My Name is Doris (2015) – A shy, unassuming 60-something woman gets inspired by a self-help seminar to pursue a crush on a much younger colleague, shaking up her sheltered and routine life in the process.
  3. Hidden Figures (2017) – The inspiring true story of three African-American female mathematicians who, despite the substantial gender and race barriers of the time, played a key role in the United States’ historic launch into space.
  4. I Know Why the Caged Bird Sings (1979) – This film traces author Maya Angelou’s life  growing up as a young black girl in the South during the Depression, and how she overcame a traumatic childhood to discover her true worth.
  5. Joy (2015) – The title character of this movie is a divorced mother of two coping with parents and an ex-husband who lean on her heavily. An inventor at heart, Joy creates a self-wringing mop and faces a lot of hurdles on a journey to make her invention a success.
  6. Miracle (2004) – Kurt Russell plays real-life coach Herb Brooks, who took the U.S. men’s hockey team to the 1980 Olympics to challenge the legendary Soviet Union team.
  7. Pursuit of Happyness (2006) – Broke, homeless and responsible for his young son, Chris Gardner refuses to give up on his dream to be a stockbroker (based on the book by the real Chris Gardner).
  8. Rudy (1993) – Being far smaller than any football player doesn’t prevent this determined kid from pursuing his goal of playing for the Notre Dame College football team.
  9. Secretariat (2010) – The first horse to win the Triple Crown in 25 years, Secretariat became a legend for his speed and size, but it took the persistence of co-owner Penny Chenery to stay in the race.
  10. Vision Quest (1985)High school wrestler Louden Swain has to lose 23 pounds to challenge the state champion whom he is determined to beat. With little support from his coach or father, can he do it, especially when a romantic interest shows up?But what about…?Some of you may be protesting the absence of Rocky, The Blind Side, etc. They are excellent movies – there just wasn’t room for all of them and I wanted to include some that folks may have either forgotten or didn’t know about and, for those who mainly watch the Super Bowl for the commercials, some without a sports theme. Ray, Philadelphia and Lorenzo’s Oil are a few more I would recommend to celebrate the human spirit.